Family and Consumer Sciences
Just Cook the Turkey!
Thanksgiving is quickly approaching, and cooking the traditional turkey dinner gives rise to much anxiety and many questions. What kind of turkey should I buy? Should I buy a frozen turkey or a fresh one? How do I store my turkey? How do I cook a turkey? To combat your holiday worries, a few simple steps will ease your holiday fears, and will ensure a delicious meal for you, your family, and your friends. Here are a few suggestions on how to prepare for the upcoming Thanksgiving meal…it’s easier than you might think!
Plan Ahead
By now, you should have some plan as to what your menu will be. And, shopping early will ease the countdown tension for your Thanksgiving meal. Ask these questions to help plan your meal. Do you want a fresh or frozen turkey? Do you have enough space to store a frozen bird if purchased in advance; if not, when should you purchase a turkey? What size bird do you need to buy?
Fresh or Frozen
If you choose to buy a frozen bird you may do so at any time, but make sure you have adequate storage space in your freezer. If you buy a fresh turkey, be sure you purchase it only 1-2 days before cooking. Do not buy a prestuffed fresh turkey.
Use the following chart as a helpful guide:
| What Size Turkey to Purchase: |
|
|---|---|
| Type of Turkey |
Pounds to Buy |
| Whole bird |
1 pound per person |
| Boneless breast of turkey |
1/2 pound per person |
| Breast of turkey |
3/4 pound per person |
| Prestuffed frozen turkey |
1 1/4 pounds per person - keep frozen until ready to cook |
Thawing
…In the refrigerator:
Place frozen bird in original wrapper in the refrigerator (40° F or below). Allow approximately 24 hours per 4 to 5 pounds of turkey. A thawed turkey can remain in the refrigerator for 1-2 days.
| Thawing Time in the Refrigerator: |
|
|---|---|
| Size of Turkey |
Number of Days |
| 4 to 12 pounds |
1 to 3 days |
| 12 to 16 pounds |
3 to 4 days |
| 16 to 20 pounds |
4 to 5 days |
| 20 to 24 pounds |
5 to 6 days |
…In cold water:
If you forget to thaw the turkey or don't have room in the refrigerator for thawing, don't panic. You can submerge the turkey in cold water and change the water every 30 minutes. Allow about 30 minutes defrosting time per pound of turkey. The following times are suggested for thawing turkey in water. Cook immediately after thawing.
| Thawing Time in Cold Water: |
|
|---|---|
| Size of Turkey |
Hours to Defrost |
| 4 to 12 pounds |
2 to 6 hours |
| 12 to 16 pounds |
6 to 8 hours |
| 16 to 20 pounds |
8 to 10 hours |
| 20 to 24 pounds |
10 to 12 hours |
…In the microwave:
Microwave thawing is safe if the turkey is not too large. Check the manufacturer's instructions for the size turkey that will fit into your oven, the minutes per pound, and the power level to use for thawing. Cook immediately after thawing.
Preparation
The day before Thanksgiving:
Make sure you have all the ingredients you need to prepare your holiday meal. Check to make sure you have all the equipment you will need, including a roasting pan large enough to hold your turkey and a food thermometer. Wet and dry stuffing ingredients can be prepared ahead of time and refrigerated separately. This may also be done on Thanksgiving Day. Mix ingredients just before placing the stuffing inside the turkey cavity or into a casserole dish.
Thanksgiving Day:
If you choose to stuff your turkey, stuff loosely. The stuffing should be moist, not dry, since heat destroys bacteria more rapidly in a moist environment. Place stuffed turkey in oven immediately. You may also cook the stuffing outside the bird in a casserole.
Judging cooking time for your turkey will be easier if the following chart is used. The times listed are for a fresh or thawed turkey in an oven at 325 °F. These times are approximate.
Timetables for Turkey Roasting (325 °F oven temperature)
| Cooking Time - Unstuffed |
|
|---|---|
| Size of Turkey |
Hours to Prepare |
| 8 to 12 pounds |
2 3/4 to 3 hours |
| 12 to 14 pounds |
3 to 3 3/4 hours |
| 14 to 18 pounds |
3 3/4 to 4 1/4 hours |
| 18 to 20 pounds |
4 1/4 to 4 1/2 hours |
| 20 to 24 pounds |
4 1/2 to 5 hours |
| Cooking Time - Stuffed |
|
|---|---|
| Size of Turkey |
Hours to Prepare |
| 8 to 12 pounds | 3 to 3 1/2 hours |
| 12 to 14 pounds | 3 1/2 to 4 hours |
| 14 to 18 pounds | 4 to 4 1/4 hours |
| 18 to 20 pounds | 4 1/4 to 4 3/4 hours |
| 20 to 24 pounds | 4 3/4 to 51/4 hours |
Use a food thermometer to check the internal temperature of the turkey.
A whole turkey is safe cooked to a minimum internal temperature of 165 °F throughout the bird. Check the internal temperature in the innermost part of the thigh and wing and the thickest part of the breast. All turkey meat, including any that remains pink, is safe to eat as soon as all parts reach at least 165 °F. The stuffing should reach 165 °F, whether cooked inside the bird or in a separate dish.
When turkey is removed from the oven, let it stand 20 minutes. Remove stuffing and carve turkey.
Storing Leftovers:
Cut the turkey into small pieces; refrigerate stuffing and turkey separately in shallow containers within 2 hours of cooking. Use leftover turkey and stuffing within 3-4 days or freeze these foods. Reheat thoroughly to a temperature of 165 °F or until hot and steaming.
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Shari L. Gallup is a Certified Family Life Educator and employed as an Extension Educator by The Ohio State University Extension. This article was adapted from www.usda.gov.
